Visita a Pir-i-Dastgir
Many days have passed since my last entry. The truth is that I am still busy getting my house in order. I moved house, but since I travelled to a small village in inland Cádiz, the whole process has been delayed. I am in the process of moving from chaos to cosmos, although for the moment I am still rather more in chaos: boxes, books and objects of every kind scattered around the house, waiting to find their proper place. There is also a great deal to get rid of—an important matter in itself. We want to hold on to this or that. We come across a piece of paper, a photograph, something we once wrote, a book, and we resist: there is so much to learn! But we learn more by letting go.
Anyway, farewell, philosopher. Let us get on with our visit to the mosque-shrine of Abdul Qadir Jilani.
For a long time Cristina was unaware of the presence of the Qadiris in Bukhara. I have already told the story of the kashkuls—crescent-shaped bowls—the majority of which were Qadiri, in a predominantly Naqshbandi context. The secret was only revealed to her a few years ago.
The bus took us through a place that seemed to transport us back in time, to the last century, to the Soviet period: those typical identical buildings, in a neighbourhood that was, or had once been, residential, although from its appearance it seemed more like one of those dormitory suburbs built for the working class. It reminded me of what in Spain are called barrios de casas baratas—low-cost housing districts. I grew up amid the rapid development of the 1970s, and there is that same mixture of utilitarianism and uniformity, like soulless niches in which human beings are raised to survive rather than to live. How different traditional cultures are: the value placed on uniqueness, artistic meaning, beauty. Without beauty, human beings cannot live; they become shadows of themselves. What a tremendous difference there is between industrial and traditional society! What a tremendous difference between the mechanical and the organic!
We found the shrine we were looking for after passing through places like those shown in the photograph. In fact, it is a reconstruction carried out after Uzbekistan gained independence from the Soviet Union. In the nineteenth century, the practice of Khatm Piri-Dastgir by members of the Qadiri tariqa is documented. But this information has not been easy to obtain. To begin with, on the internet the very existence of the Qadiris in Bukhara is denied. But they are there.
Khatm is a communal devotional practice normally performed on Fridays. It is a practice of dhikr (remembrance). It is also traditional among the Naqshbandis, although the recitations differ. But that is not so important (the Names of God and suras from the Qur'an are recited; the masters are also invoked, and a practice is performed for the other tariqas, remembering that the tariqa is essentially one). More specifically, Piri-Dastgir refers to Hadrat Sayyid Abdul Qadir Jilani. Piri-Dastgir is in fact an expression meaning: “O Master, give me your hand.” It refers to the initiatic bond between a Pir (master, elder, sage, guide) and his disciple. In this case, the attribution of this name to the shrine of Abdul Qadir Jilani preserves the spiritual qualities of this Great Master. He is known as the “Helper” in times of difficulty, and innumerable miracles are attributed to him, among them the birth of Ibn ‘Arabi through the invocation made to Abdul Qadir by Ibn ‘Arabi’s father. It is said that Ibn ‘Arabi’s father provided the physical body, but it was Abdul Qadir who transmitted the barakah, or spiritual energy, that gave rise to the Shaykh al-Akbar (the Greatest Master). This is how Tosun Bayrak, a disciple of the great contemporary master Muzaffer Ozak of the Jerrahi tariqa, tells the story:
“Ibn ‘Arabi’s father travelled to Baghdad when he was already advanced in years, with the fervent desire to leave behind a son to succeed him. He went to see Muhyiddin ‘Abdul Qadir al-Jilani and asked him to pray to God to grant him a son. The Shaykh withdrew and entered into deep contemplation. When he returned, he informed Ali Ibn Muhammad: ‘I have examined the world of secrets, and it has been revealed to me that you will have no descendants, so do not weary yourself trying.’Although disheartened, the old man would not give up. He pleaded and insisted: ‘O Saint, surely God will favour your prayers. I ask you to intercede for me.’
Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani withdrew and once again entered a state of deep contemplation. After a while he returned and said that, although it was not destined that Ali Ibn Muhammad should have a son, it was destined that he himself should have one. Would the old man be willing to receive the saint’s future son?
His visitor readily agreed. The two men stood up, back to back, their arms linked. ‘Ali Ibn Muhammad later described the incident:
When I stood back to back with the saint ‘Abdul Qadir Jilani, I felt something warm descend from my neck all the way down my back. In due course I had a son, and I named him Muhyiddin, as Abdul Qadir Jilani had instructed me.”
There are numerous stories concerning Hadrat Abdul Qadir Jilani that bear witness to his powerful spiritual presence and to an enormous number of extraordinary events, many of them involving alterations of space and time. And these are not merely stories from long ago. They can be found, for example, in accounts of Muzaffer Ozak’s journey to Mecca and Baghdad in 1967, which describe interventions involving changes in space and time, as well as the appearance of a mysterious figure who helped them at the border. All this can be read in the accounts of the silsila—the chain of transmission—of the Jerrahis (The Light of Guidance and the Stars of the Firmament).
Although the entire journey would be worth recounting, I will tell only the part in which the travellers arrive in Baghdad and quickly leave their belongings at the hotel so that they can attend the prayer at the mosque and shrine containing the tomb of Sayyid Abdul Qadir Jilani. They ask where it is, someone gives them directions, and they arrive in about ten minutes, just in time for the beginning of the prayers. But when they try to return, they walk and walk. They have been walking for half an hour and still have not reached the hotel. They stop and ask someone, who tells them they still have another half-hour’s walk ahead of them. Muzaffer Ozak describes this as an alteration of space and time through the intervention of Abdul Qadir Jilani.
We see how, in reality, the Tariqa is one, even though there are different schools and orders, and the great Awliya know nothing of divisions of this kind, although such divisions fulfil their function and have their own reasons, based upon differences in human predispositions.
For the dramatic purposes of this entry, I have no miracle of my own to recount, beyond the fact that it is truly the duty of a dervish—or of anyone following a spiritual path—not to speak of such things if they happen to witness one. Karamat (miracles) are apparent ruptures of the laws of nature, although in reality what occurs is that laws unknown to us come into operation. The word karamat belongs to a semantic field associated with nobility, generosity and dignity. Hence its meaning as an extraordinary grace or favour. Stories such as those above are beneficial only if both cynical rationalism and emotionalism are avoided. They are nourishment for a subtle faculty, nourishment for the heart. Truly, after hearing them we can say: Allahu Akbar!
Something—or someone—keeps drawing me further into this subject, but as we say in Galicia: “I don’t believe in witches, but they certainly exist” (Não creio nas meigas mas havê-las, hai-nas).
But I do believe, actually.
At last we reached the shrine, where the symbolic tomb (maqam) of Abdul Qadir, draped in green cloth, stood in a small chamber. It was almost time for the Maghrib prayer, just as the sun was setting and evening was falling. I felt very much at ease there: a sense of joy, a communal atmosphere, with people arriving from work, women and children. There was something in the way they gathered together, and also in the respectful way we were able to move around without encountering any feeling of hostility or rejection (one must remember that, after all, we were tourists, or at least looked like tourists).
I entered the mosque and performed a few rak‘ahs before the Maghrib prayer itself, while the mosque was still almost empty. I felt very much at ease there. Then I returned to the maqam and remained there for a while. Although the tomb is symbolic and Abdul Qadir’s remains are in Baghdad, it works just the same.
The awareness of unity and of the connection of all the Awliya with the community; the children moving around the grounds; the women smiling; everyone, young and old, sharing the end of the day in small groups, talking before entering for the salat: all this conveyed that way of experiencing spirituality as part of life itself, without any separation from ordinary reality. And that is one of the great achievements of the Islamic world.
The idea that the “saint,” man or woman, might be anyone within the community—without pretension, laughing and sharing in the midst of the community—is the greatest lesson of Islamic spirituality. At the same time, the whole community feels protected by Abdul Qadir Jilani, Pir-i-Dastgir: by his aid, his intercession.
And he does protect them.
And it was a Tuesday. Had we been there on a Friday, the community would have been much larger, since that is the day of Jumuʿah, the congregational prayer performed at midday.
We remained there for a little over an hour, and now, as I evoke that moment, I can only say, with gratitude and feeling, that life is a true miracle. Thanks be to God, we all went off together afterwards to dine outdoors, sharing and savouring our providential encounter with our Russian friends, since almost certainly this exact same group of people will never again come together in this life on a journey like this:
Allahu Akbar!
Allahu Akbar!



















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